Electroweak Theory (parser)
Establishment theoretical framework as the standard theory of electroweak interactions: Higgs searches, quark mixing, neutrino oscillations.
This section is referring to wiki page-25 of main section-3 that is inherited from the spin section-137 by prime spin-34 and span- with the partitions as below.
/parser
Gauge invariance is a powerful tool to determine the dynamical forces. Particle content, structure and symmetries of Lagrangian are discussed.
Standard Theory
Electroweak force is the unified description of two (2) fundamental interactions: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction.
The Higgs and the electromagnetic field have no effect on each other, at the level of the fundamental forces (“tree level”), while any other combination of the hypercharge and the weak isospin must interact with the Higgs. This causes an apparent separation between the weak force, which interacts with the Higgs, and electromagnetism, which does not. (Wikipedia)
Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 10¹⁵ K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.
- This diagram illustrates a triple gauge boson vertex involving two W bosons (\(W^{-}\)) and a neutral gauge boson (\(Z\) or \(\gamma \)).
- The wavy lines represent the propagation of the gauge bosons, with arrows indicating the flow of charge or momentum.
- The central dot signifies a vertex, a specific point in spacetime where these particles interact according to the laws of electroweak theory.
This section depicts Right-handed fermions, a classification of particles in the Standard Model that do not participate in the weak interaction.
Experiments have verified that the weak and electromagnetic force become identical at very small distances and provide the GUT description of the carrier particles for the forces.
You can use this comprehensive reference to configure any pairlist method with all available parameters!
Interactions
Electroweak theory added ψνe,ψνμ,nu mu e, and ψντ for the corresponding neutrinos.
- The quarks add still further components.
- In order to be four-spinors like the electron and other lepton components, there must be one quark component for every combination of flavor and color, bringing the total to 24 (3 for charged leptons, 3 for neutrinos, and 2·3·3 = 18 for quarks).
Each of these is a four component bispinor, for a total of 96 complex-valued components for the fermion field. Wikipedia
Fermion | spinors | charged | neutrinos | quark | components | parameter
Field | (s) | (c) | (n) | (q=s.c.n) | Σ(c+n+q | (complex)
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
boson-1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5 | i5
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7 | i7
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 11 | i11
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-4 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 13 | i13
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
boson-5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 17 | i17
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | .. | .. | .. | .. | 53 | i53
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
bispinor-1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | 19
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-- 17
bispinor-2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | i12
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
bispinor-3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | 11
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-- 19
bispinor-4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 18 | 24 | i18
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | 8 | 12 | 12 | 72 | 96 | 66+i30
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
majorana-1 | 2x2 | - | 18 | - | 18 | 18
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
majorana-2 | 2x2 | - | 12 | - | 12 | 12
-----------+---------+---------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------
majorana-3 | 2x2 | - | 13 | - | 13 | i13
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
SubTotal | 12 | - | 43 | - | 43 | 30+i13
===========+=========+=========+===========+===========+============+===========
Total | 20 | 12 | 55 | 72 | 192 | 96+i96 ✔️
Symmetry Breaking
The pattern of weak isospin, T3, and weak hypercharge, YW, of the known elementary particles, showing electric charge along the weak mixing angle. The four components of the Higgs field (squares) break the electroweak symmetry and interact with other particles to give them mass, with three components becoming part of the massive W and Z bosons. Allowed decays of the neutral Higgs boson, H, (circled) satisfy electroweak charge conservation. (Wikipedia)
The Lagrangian for the electroweak interactions is divided into four parts before electroweak symmetry breaking becomes manifest,
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | ❓ | ❓ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
Here’s a comprehensive summary of all parameters for each pairlist method:
Freqtrade Pairlist Methods - Complete Parameters
Generators (create initial pairlists)
1. StaticPairList
allow_inactive(boolean): Skip pair validation against active markets (optional)
2. VolumePairList
number_assets(number, required): Number of top pairs to selectsort_key(string, default: “quoteVolume”): Sort key for sortingmin_value(number, default: 0): Minimum volume thresholdmax_value(number, default: None): Maximum volume thresholdrefresh_period(number, default: 1800): Refresh interval in secondslookback_days(number, default: 0): Days to look back (for advanced mode)lookback_timeframe(string, default: “”): Timeframe for lookbacklookback_period(number, default: 0): Number of periods to look back
3. PercentChangePairList
number_assets(number): Top pairs to select by % changemin_value(number): Minimum % change thresholdmax_value(number): Maximum % change thresholdsort_direction(string): “asc” or “desc” for sort orderrefresh_period(number, default: 1800): Refresh interval in secondslookback_days(number): Days to look backlookback_timeframe(string): Timeframe for lookbacklookback_period(number): Number of periods
4. ProducerPairList
number_assets(number, optional): Limit pairlist lengthproducer_name(string, required): Name of the producer
5. RemotePairList
pairlist_url(string, required): Remote server URL or file pathmode(string, default: “whitelist”): “whitelist” or “blacklist”processing_mode(string, default: “filter”): “filter” or “append”number_assets(number, optional): Number of pairs to returnrefresh_period(number, default: 1800): Refresh interval in secondskeep_pairlist_on_failure(boolean, default: true): Keep last pairlist on failureread_timeout(number, default: 60): Read timeout in secondsbearer_token(string, optional): Bearer token for authsave_to_file(string, optional): Save pairlist to file
6. MarketCapPairList
number_assets(number): Maximum pairs to return in whitelist modemax_rank(number): Maximum marketcap rank to considerrefresh_period(number, default: 86400): Refresh interval in secondsmode(string, default: “whitelist”): “whitelist” or “blacklist”categories(array, default: []): CoinGecko category IDs to filter
7. CrossMarketPairList
pairs_exist_on(string, default: “both_markets”): “both_markets” or “current_market_only”
Filters (refine existing pairlists)
8. AgeFilter
min_days_listed(number, default: 10): Minimum days pair must be listedmax_days_listed(number, default: None): Maximum days pair can be listed
9. DelistFilter
max_days_from_now(number, default: 0): Maximum days until delisting
10. FullTradesFilter
- No parameters
11. OffsetFilter
offset(number, required): Number of pairs to skipnumber_assets(number, optional): Number of pairs to take
12. PairInformationFilter
selection_mode(string): “whitelist” or “blacklist”info_key(string): Field to check (supports dot notation for nested fields)info_compare_value(string): Value to match
13. PerformanceFilter
minutes(number, default: 0): Rolling window in minutes (0 = all-time)min_profit(number, optional): Minimum profit ratio (e.g., 0.01 = 1%)
14. PrecisionFilter
- No parameters
15. PriceFilter
min_price(number, default: 0): Minimum price thresholdmax_price(number, default: 0): Maximum price thresholdmax_value(number, optional): Maximum minimum value changelow_price_ratio(number, default: 0): Filter low-priced pairs by ratio
16. RangeStabilityFilter
lookback_days(number): Days to look backmin_rate_of_change(number): Minimum rate of change (0.01 = 1%)max_rate_of_change(number): Maximum rate of change (0.99 = 99%)refresh_period(number, default: 86400): Refresh interval in secondssort_direction(string, optional): “asc” or “desc”
17. ShuffleFilter
seed(number, optional): Random seed for reproducibilityshuffle_frequency(string, default: “candle”): “candle” or “iteration”
18. SpreadFilter
max_spread_ratio(number, default: 0.005): Maximum bid/ask spread ratio
19. VolatilityFilter
lookback_days(number): Days to look backmin_volatility(number): Minimum volatility thresholdmax_volatility(number): Maximum volatility thresholdrefresh_period(number, default: 86400): Refresh interval in secondssort_direction(string, optional): “asc” or “desc”
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | 5¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
Problem
Consider the following contradiction in the electroweak theory of the Standard Model.
The electroweak theory of neutrino interaction uses factors like in order to account for a complete parity violation. This factor implies a massless neutrino [1]: “Nature had the choice of an aesthetically satisfying, but a left-right, symmetry violating theory, with a neutrino which travels exactly with the same velocity of light; or alternatively a theory where left-right symmetry is preserved, but the neutrino has a tiny mass – some ten thousand times smaller than the mass of the electron.”The neutrino masslessness is also stated by other authors. A review article on neutrino properties states that “two-components left-handed massless neutrino fields play a crucial role in the determination of the charged current structure of the Standard Model” (see the Abstract of [2]). Similarly, a Quantum Field Theory textbook states: “Thus, massless neutrinos are a prediction of the Standard Model” (see [4], p. 555). Indeed, a massless neutrino is the basis for the two-component Weyl neutrino, which shows parity violation (see e.g. section 2.2 of [2]). The same argument appears on p. 139 of [3].
On the other hand, a recent review article negates the foregoing ides and states that it is now admitted “that neutrinos can no longer be considered as massless particles” (see [5], p. 1307). This statement is adopted by the Particle Data Group [6], which is the authorized organization for the definition of reliable particle data. The recognition of this fact by the community was demonstrated by the 2015 Nobel Prize, awarded to the persons who have discovered this property [7].It follows that the experimentally confirmed massive neutrino undermines the basis of the Standard Model electroweak theory, since the massless neutrino is a crucial element in this theory.
Research topic: Can the validity of the electroweak theory be restored?
Remark: Further contradictions are discussed in [8]. (Research Topics)
The True Prime Pairs
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
Tabulate Prime by Power of 10
loop(10) = π(10)-π(1) = 4-0 = 4
loop(100) = π(100)-π(10)-1th = 25-4-2 = 19
loop(1000) = π(1000) - π(100) - 10th = 168-25-29 = 114
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
True Prime Pairs → Δ→π | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Sum
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====
19 → π(∆10) → π(10) | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | 4th 4 x Root
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
17 → π(10+∆9) → π(19) | 11 | 13 | 17 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | 8th 4 x Twin
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 1st Twin
13 → π(19+∆10) → π(29) | 23 | 29 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |10th
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----
11 → π(29+∆12) → π(41) | 31 | 37 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - |13th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 1st Twin
7 → π(41+∆18) → π(59) | 43 | 47 | 53 | 59 | - | - | - | - | - |17th
--------------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----- 3rd Twin
5 → π(59+∆13) → π(72) | 61 | 67 | 71 | - | - | - | - | - | - |20th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+===== 4th Twin
3,2 → 18+13+12 → 43 | 73 | 79 | 83 | 89 | 97 | 101| 103| 107| 109|29th
==========================+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+====+=====
Δ Δ
12+13+(18+18)+13+12 ← 36th-Δ1=151-1=150=100+2x(13+12) ← 30th = 113 = 114-
How do you resolve Maxwell equations as euler-lagrange equation without electromagnetic electromagnetism, lagrangian formalism, field theory, Maxwell equations, variational principle potential.
Axial (e-e rES repulsions blue aggregating to black axial outward, vs weak axial inward) to generate the Bose “cylinder surface” proof of statistical mechanics.
- Axial View of one hemisphere set of one subshell (N,1,many,-1/2) quantum number example below:
- That gives the path from Planck strength to the Maxwell strengths. Those are not independent, but all based upon h (or h-hat*c version in this case).
- Yes, I used Euler to get there! The weakness of the Lagrangian is that introduces errors in (a0/re)N scaling ^2 vs ^3 (extra 1/r wrongly called angular momentum by Bohr) that introduces an error correction. Hence, circling back to QED methods of error-correction (loops, re-normalization).
So, in the end, you do need. But the path can get similar when you move off arbitration x,y,z or X1,X2,X3 frame-of-reference to the quantitized hemispherical coordinates of the quantum numbers understood as (r#,theta#,phi#,z#).
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19
1729 / 7 = 13 x 19 = 247
1729 = 7 x 13 x 19
7 + 13 = 20 = d(2)
└── 2 x 19 = 38
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| {1}| 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | {6}| {7}| 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| {3}| {4}| 3 | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 1 | 1 |{38}
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- } 285
| 3 | 8 | 9 | 16 | 25 |{12}|{21}| 16 | 18 | 10 | 22 | 60 |{13}|{14}|{247}
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|-- 38 ---| |-- 33 ---| |-- {27}--|
$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7$True Prime Pairs:
(5,7), (11,13), (17,19)
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
19¨ | 3¨ | 4¨ | 6¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:30" 19¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
17¨ | {5¨}| {3¨}| 2¨ | 7¨ | 4¤ -----> assigned to "id:31" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{12¨}| 6¨ | 6¨ | 2¤ (M & F) -----> assigned to "id:32" |
+-----+-----+-----+ |
11¨ | 3¨ | {3¨}| {5¨}| 3¤ ---> Np(33) assigned to "id:33" -----> 👉 77¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
19¨ | 4¨ | 4¨ | 5¨ | 6¨ | 4¤ ✔️ ---> assigned to "id:34" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{18¨}| .. | .. | .. | 3¤ -----> assigned to "id:35" |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
43¨ | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | 9¤ (C1 & C2) 43¨
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ ---
139¨ | 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
Δ Δ Δ
1 instance + 7 blocks + 29 flats + 77 rooms = 114 objects
Prime Loops:
π(10) = 4 (node)
π(100) = 25 (partition)
π(1000) - 29 = 139 (section)
π(10000) - 29th - 29 = 1091 (segment)
π(100000) - 109th - 109 = 8884 (texture)
Sum: 4 + 25 + 139 + 1091 + 8884 = 10143 (object)
Sequence Layers:
- By the next layer the 89² will become 89 and 5 become 5² or 25.
- This 89 and 25 are in the same layer with total of 114 or prime 619
- So sequence from the first prime is 1,4,7,10,29,68,89,114,139,168,329,618.
| 168 | 618 |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ -----------------------------------------------
{786}| 1,2 | 2 | 2,3 | 3,4 | {19} |
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{86}| 4 | 4,5 | 5,6 |{6,7}| 17 Base Zone
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{78}|{7,8}| 8,9 | 12 (M dan F) ----> Δ |
+-----+-----+-----+ -----------
{67}| 9,11|11,12|12,14| 11 <----------- Mid Zone |
----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{6}|15,16|17,18|18,20|21,22| 19 Mirror Zone
+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |
{8}|23,25|25,27|27,29| 18 |
+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+ -----------
{7}|29,33|33,36|36,39|39,41|41,45|46,51|51,57|58,66|{67,77}| 43 (C1 dan C2)<---Δ
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-------+ -----------
| 1 2 3 | 4 5 6 | 7 8 9 |
|------ 29' ------|--------------- 139' ----------------|
|------ 102¨ -----|--------------- 66¨ ----------------|